Neuroforskere er nu at opdage mere om hjernen og hvordan det processer information og gør beslutninger. Mens stadig er meget for at lære, kan tilsyneladende man ikke som rationelle og kontrol over vores sanser som vi tror, vi er.
Tættere forskerne ser, jo klarere bliver det, at vi er meget ligesom vores animalske forfædre. For at forstå hjernen bedre, Tænk på det i form af tre lag:
1. krybdyrs eller primitive
2. hund
3. menneskelige
Tre hjerner i et
Den krybdyrs hjerne består af toppen af rygmarven og bunden af hjernen. Det består af de dele, vi deler i lighed med krybdyr og fisk. Det er ansvarlig for mange af vores automatiske systemer til overlevelse, såsom vejrtrækning og sult.
Svøbt omkring disse strukturer er gamle limbiske system, som er meget lig hjerne af hunde og andre pattedyr. Det er sæde for grundlæggende følelser som frygt, aggressivitet og tilfredshed.
Og omslutter disse ældre strukturer er den moderne cortex, den foldede grå materie adskiller os fra andre pattedyr. Selv om mange dyr som hunde og Chimpanser har cortexes, er den menneskelige cortex vokset til en enorm størrelse. Det styrer alle mulige ting, som høre og se, ræsonnement, abstrakt tænkning, og vores personligheder.
Vi kalder den præfrontale cortex den ‘executive’ del af hjernen, fordi det anser alle input fra hjernen og gør beslutninger for mål planlægning og gennemførelse. Eller i det mindste det gør beslutninger, når vi lader det – når vi ikke lade vores hund brain overtage.
Der er i Charge –
Følelser eller årsag?
Ifølge forskerne, der tager billeder af hjernen under beslutningstagningen, aktiveres mere gamle hund hjernen samt executive hjernen. Der synes at være en løbende debat mellem de to hjerne dele inden der træffes en beslutning. Og gæt hvad? Hund hjernen kan lige så let vinde debatten, selv når logik bør vinde.
Eksperimenter har vist raske voksne til at tage en satsning, selv når de er sikker på at tabe, når de kan også gøre deres modstander taber. Ønsket om at straffe modstanderen tilsidesætter ønsket om at vinde penge.
Vi har hund hjerner med en menneskelig cortex på toppen. Selv om vores cortexes repræsenterer alt, hvad der er menneskeligt, logisk, rationelle og civiliserede, er vores animalske tendenser ikke stille. De nogle gange vinde argumentet over vores civiliserede hjerne, og træffe beslutninger i strid med rationalitet.
Kende din hjerne
Vi ved nu, at vores hund hjerner vinder over vores rationalitet mange gange, blot vi kommer med logiske undskyldninger efter kendsgerning. Disse interaktioner forekomme dybt inde i vores hjerner så hurtigt, vi er ikke bekendt med dem.
Dette var, hvad Malcolm Gladwell illustrerede i sin bog Blink. Vi gøre instant beslutninger uden at vide hvorfor, og derefter gøre op rationelle grunde til at retfærdiggøre en følelsesmæssig beslutning.
Det billede, der fremgår af neurovidenskab labs er, at vi ignorerer vores tarme på vores egen fare. Vi skal opnå en forståelse af, hvor meget som andre dyr vi er. Uanset om vi tillidsfuld vores partner, købe tøj eller en bil, eller ansætte en medarbejder, skal vi være klar over, at vores hund hjerner er meget travlt med at lave en vurdering, men på en anden måde end vores menneskelige hjerner.
Vi skal være opmærksomme på denne del af os selv, og realisere dens indvirkning på vores valg.
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